Gregory
D.
Phelan
State
University
of
New
York
College
at
Cortland
Ques%ons
via
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Gregory
Phelan
How
we
get
our
Informa%on.
The
number
of
people
who
actively
get
their
news
from
print
media
is
decreasing.
In
2010,
24
out
of
the
top
25
newspapers
in
the
United
States
saw
a
decrease
in
circulation.
New
York
Times
(-‐8.5%
weekday
/
-‐5.2%
on
Sunday)
Chicago
Tribune
(-‐9.8%
weekday
/
-‐7.5%
on
Sunday)
Los
Angeles
Times
(-‐14.6%
weekday
/
7.6%
on
Sunday)
USA
Today
(-‐13.6%
weekday)
San
Francisco
Chronicle
(-‐22.7%
weekday)
Wall
Street
Journal
(+0.5%
when
including
digital
subscriptions)
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
Pew
Research
Center,
2011
Paradigm
Shi;
Changes
are
due
to
many
factors:
Changes
in
business
models
for
newspapers
Fewer
people
are
reading
newspapers.
According
to
a
study
conducted
by
Pew
Research
Center
in
2010
40%
of
Americans
read
a
newspaper
three
times
a
week
compared
to
52%
in
2006.
A
Pew
Project
for
Excellence
in
Journalism
found
in
2010
that
more
people
got
their
news
online
and
more
money
was
spent
for
online
access
versus
print
subscriptions.
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
Pew
Research
Center,
2011
Historical
Approach
to
Data
Sharing
Research
leading
to
peer
review
publication.
Fellow
researchers
look
for
relevant
information.
Go
to
the
library.
Request
reprints.
Electronic
access
(or
lack
thereof).
Open
Source
Publications.
Other
online
resources?
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
The
Evolu%on
of
the
Internet
Growth
of
Social
Media
Facebook
has
more
than
500
million
active
users
50%
of
active
users
log
on
daily
Average
user
creates
90
pieces
of
content
per
month.
70
different
translations
with
~70%
of
users
not
in
the
United
States.
(300,000
Facebook
users
participated
in
the
translation
project
through
an
onsite
application.)
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
From
Facebook
What
is
Crowdsourcing
“Crowdsourcing
is
the
act
of
outsourcing
tasks,
traditionally
performed
by
an
employee
or
contractor,
to
an
undefined,
large
group
of
people
or
community
(a
"crowd"),
through
an
open
call,”
Wikipedia.
The
term
is
attributed
to
Jeff
Howe
in
June
2006
from
a
Wired
magazine
article.
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
The
collec%ve
wisdom
of
the
crowd
Some
early
examples
of
Crowdsourcing
I)
Longitude
prize.
II)
Human
Genome
Project.
III)
Work
to
identify
the
cause
Severe
Acute
Respiratory
Syndrome
(SARS).
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
I)
Longitude
Prize
Problem:
Historically
the
measurement
of
longitude
at
sea
was
problematic.
Starting
in
1567
monetary
rewards
were
offered
to
solve
the
problem.
The
Académie
Royale
de
Sciences
was
founded
in
1666
and
charged
with
advancing
the
science
of
navigation.
The
Scilly
Naval
Disaster
1707
(image
from
Wikipedia)
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
II)
Longitude
Prize
cont.
Galileo,
Halley,
Werner,
Newton
and
many
other
scientists
of
this
age
worked
on
this
problem.
John
Harrison
a
clockmaker
and
carpenter
from
England
ultimately
received
the
first
prize
1737-‐1765.
Model
of
Harrison’s
H1
timepiece
(image
from
NewScientist:NMM)
6/13/2011
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Phelan
II)
Human
Genome
Project
Work
was
undertaken
in
identifying
the
base
pairs
of
human
DNA.
This
work
was
completed
at
laboratories
as
part
of
publically
funded
projects
in
United
States,
parts
of
Europe
and
parts
of
Asia.
The
project
also
had
impacts
on
many
other
areas
including
intellectual
property
law.
6/13/2011
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Phelan
III)
Severe
Acute
Respiratory
Syndrome
In
2003
reports
of
a
new
respiratory
disease
had
sickened
more
than
300
Chinese
were
brought
to
the
attention
of
the
World
Health
Organization.
Disease
was
similar
to
the
flu
but
no
source
could
be
found.
Eleven
research
labs
around
the
world
were
recruited
to
participate
in
the
effort
to
identify
the
SARS
virus.
The
formation
of
this
“collaborative
multicenter
research
project”
helped
the
rapid
identification,
sequencing,
and
testing
of
this
coronavirus.
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
Do
you
really
need
a
crowd?
Ultimately
this
is
task
defined.
If
the
task
is
changing
a
part
on
your
car,
a
single
expert
will
suffice.
More
complex
challenges
also
can
be
solved
by
individuals.
According
to
Scott
E.
Page
at
Michigan
a
diverse
group
with
members
that
have
distinct
tools
and
abilities
will
exceed
the
sum
of
their
parts
and
usually
outperform
more
singular
expert
entities
given
the
correct
challenge.
It
is
also
important
to
note
that
crowds
police
themselves.
6/13/2011
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Phelan
Researchers
and
Crowdsourcing
Many
of
the
above
projects
may
be
considered
pro
bono
publica.
There
are
many
businesses
that
are
looking
for
crowdmembers.
and
receive
a
benefit.
Solve
a
problem
or
work
on
a
team
to
solve
a
problem
There
are
a
growing
number
of
sites
that
offer
to
connect
researchers
with
others
to
share
information.
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
Business
opportuni%es
Innocentive
The
basic
idea
is
that
a
“challenge”
is
posted
and
experts
or
teams
of
individual
experts
submit
ideas.
Due
to
intellectual
property
concerns
true
sharing
can
be
limited.
Rather
than
a
true
crowd,
work
can
be
done
by
individuals
operating
without
influence.
Payments
can
range
from
$1,000
-‐
$1,000,000
USD
6/13/2011
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Phelan
Networking
of
Researchers
Peer
review
publication
model?
Unequal
access
to
research
exists
in
this
country
as
well
as
around
the
world.
The
business
model
of
peer
review
journals
has
adopted
the
electronic
access
and
corresponding
reduction
in
print
copies
but
access
and
cost
issues
still
limit
who
can
see
and
use
this
research.
The
Digital
Divide.
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
Networking
of
Researchers
cont.
Combining
the
previous
points
about
the
trend
that
more
people
are
using
the
internet
and
the
rise
of
social
media
we
see
the
potential
for
the
improvement
to
the
ways
in
which
the
results
of
research
is
shared.
There
are
no
shortage
of
existing
social
media,
chat
rooms,
blogs,
podcasts,
etc…
for
researchers
to
participate
in.
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
The
Use
of
Social
Networking
Websites
such
as
ResearchGate,
Nature
Network,
BioMed
Experts,
Scientists
Without
Borders,
ResearchID,
CiteULike
are
actively
looking
for
ways
for
researchers
to
share
information/resources
and
solve
problems.
Interaction
is
through
discussion
boards,
direct
email,
online
chats,
and
instant
messaging.
6/13/2011
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Copyright
Gregory
Phelan
The
Use
of
Social
Networking
Websites
such
as
ResearchGate,
Nature
Network,
BioMed
Experts,
Scientists
Without
Borders,
ResearchID,
CiteULike
are
actively
looking
for
ways
for
researchers
to
share
information/resources
and
solve
problems.
Interaction
is
through
discussion
boards,
direct
email,
online
chats,
and
instant
messaging.
6/13/2011
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Phelan
Alexa
ranking
of
Science/Research
Groups
and
Centers
6/13/2011
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Phelan
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Nanobiotechnology Show All (5) Renewable Energy Environmental Engineering Chemistry Chemistry Organic Chemistry Green Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistr... Art and Science Agricultural Science, Anthropology,...
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Acceptor compounds useful for making hyperpolarizable organic chromophores
Authors: Nick Buker, Brenden Carlson, Larry Dalton, Todd Ewy, Diyun Huang, Alex Jen, Tim Londergan, Greg Phelan Ref. No: 7,507,840 Year: 2009
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Barometric sensitive coatings based upon osmium complexes dissolved in a fluoroacrylic polymer
Authors: Brenden Carlson, John P Bullock, Timothy M Hance, Gregory D Phelan Analytical chemistry. 02/2009; 81(1):262-7. (published)
Academic Degrees Ph.D., M.S., M.Ed., B.S. Research Keywords Education, Nanotechnology, Entrepreneurship, Nanophotonics, Technology Commercialization, OLED, Analytical Chemistry, Materials Science, Materials Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, sensors, Intellectual Property generation, NLO Research Skills Traditional wet Chemistry lab skills, OLED manufacture, Current Location Cortland, United States of
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The
Future
I)
Biopunk
movement
II)
Entrepreneurship
&
Incubators
III)
Crowdsourcing
and
DARPA
6/13/2011
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Phelan
I)
The
Biopunks
A
group
of
do
it
yourselfers
who
work
in
the
fields
of
biological
science
and
use
Crowdsourcing
to
solve
problems.
Using
small
scale
“garage
science”
these
groups
have
developed
inexpensive
equipment
and
testing
protocols.
OpenPCR
sells
a
PCR
machine
for
$512
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
II)
Entrepreneurship
&
Incubators
Start-‐up
companies
are
driving
the
need
for
the
creation
of
additional
technical
laboratory
and
incubator
spaces
where
research
is
being
done
without
academic
and
corporate
influence.
BioCurious
Community
Lab
is
fund
raising
to
create
an
active
laboratory
space
for
Biopunks
in
the
Bay
Area.
In
effect,
attempting
to
bring
the
crowd
together
to
create
in-‐person
interactions
and
growth.
6/13/2011
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Phelan
III)
Crowdsourcing
and
DARPA
DARPA
is
sponsoring
a
project
with
Local
Motors
in
Phoenix
to
use
Crowdsourcing
to
design
an
armored
off-‐road
vehicle.
6/13/2011
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Gregory
Phelan
Armored
Off-‐Road
Vehicle
Using
off-‐the-‐shelf
parts
the
vehicle
was
designed
and
built
in
a
matter
of
months
as
opposed
to
the
typical
1-‐3
year
cycle.
Maintained
a
live
camera
and
blog
site
where
anyone
could
add
comments.
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Phelan
Challenges
Who
gets
credit
for
the
“invention”
or
innovation
can
be
challenging
in
some
cases.
What
incentives
are
there
for
academic
researchers?
What
incentives
are
there
for
corporate
researchers?
Who
owns
the
intellectual
property
that
is
generated?
6/13/2011
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Phelan
What
is
needed
for
wider
par%cipa%on?
A
global
crisis?
Better
cash
prizes?
More
success
stories?
6/13/2011
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Phelan
Acknowledgements
Work
presented
here
was
supported
by
National
Science
Foundation
award
number
0630460
Intellectual
Ventures
–
Bellevue,
Washington
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Phelan
Sources
Howe,
J.
(2009).
Crowdsourcing
Why
the
Power
of
the
Crowd
is
Driving
the
Future
of
Business. New
York
:
Three
Rivers
Press.
Page,
S.E.
(2011).
Diversity
and
Complexity.
Princeton
and
Oxford
:
Princeton
University
Press.
Page,
S.E.
(2007).
The
Difference
:
How
the
Power
of
Diversity
Creates
Better
Groups,
Firms,
Schools,
and
Societies.
Princeton
and
Oxford
:
Princeton
University
Press.
Pew
Research
Center.
Pew
State
of
the
Media.
(2010).
Pew
Research
Center.
Pew
State
of
the
Media.
(2011).
6/13/2011
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Phelan
Sources
Surowiecki,
J.
(2005).
The
Wisdom
of
Crowds.
New
York
:
Anchor
House
-‐
Random
House
Inc.
Sloane.
P.
(ed).
(2011).
A
Guide
to
Open
Innovation
and
Crowdsourcing.
London
:
Kogan
Page
Tapscott,
D.
and
Williams,
A.D.
(2010).
Wikinomics
:
How
Mass
Collaboration
Changes
Everything.
London
:
Penguin
Books
Weise,
E.
(2011,
June
1).
DIY
‘biopunks’
want
science
in
the
hands
of
people
.
USA
Today
(Fairfax
County,
VA)
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Websources
http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/
crowds.html
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